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Home
Nodes help for Vrmlpad
Cortona3D VRML extensions

AdvancedAppearance IntegerTrigger Layer2D Background2D
BumpMap TimeTrigger Layer3D MipMap
CompositeTexture3D FlashMovie Circle OrderedGroup
CompositeTexture2D GradientBackground Rectangle Panel
CortonaExtrusion ColorInterpolatorEx IndexedLineSet2D HTMLText
CubeEnvironment OrientationInterpolatorEx IndexedFaceSet2D SphereEnvironment
DropSensor PositionInterpolator2DEx PointSet2D TextureTransform3
BooleanFilter PositionInterpolatorEx Coordinate2D TransformSensor
BooleanToggle Position2Interpolator CoordinateInterpolator2D ViewportSensor
BooleanTrigger ScalarInterpolatorEx Transform2D ZGroup
IntegerSequencer KbdSensor Transform2DEx  

AdvancedAppearance

The AdvancedAppearance node enables you to use advanced texturing techniques such as multiple texturing.

Node description
EXTERNPROTO AdvancedAppearance [
   exposedField   SFNode	material		NULL 
   exposedField   MFNode	textures		[] 
   exposedField   MFString	mappingTypes	[] 
   exposedField   MFFloat	weights		[]	# [0, inf)
   exposedField   SFFloat 	materialBlending	0	# [0, 1] 
   exposedField   MFNode	textureTransforms	[]
   exposedField   MFString	backgroundFactor	[]
   exposedField   MFString	foregroundFactor	[]
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:AdvancedAppearance"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#AdvancedAppearance"
]
 
material
The material field, if specified, contains a Material node.
 
textures
The textures field specifies a set of 2D textures for multi-texturing. The texture field, if specified, contains one of the various types of texture nodes (ImageTexture, MovieTexture, or PixelTexture). If the texture node is NULL or the texture field is unspecified, the object that references this Appearance is not textured.
 
mappingTypes
The mappingTypes field defines a texture map type. The possible types are:
"SIMPLE" - ordinary mapping that all VRML browsers support,
"ENVIRONMENT" - this simulates the reflecting surfaces.

When there are several textures with the "SIMPLE" map type, it is possible to define individual mapping for each texture by using several sets of texture indexes in the texCoordIndex field of the geometry node. The texCoordIndex field may contain N * L indexes, where N is the number of textures with the "SIMPLE" map type, L - the number of indexes in the coordIndex field.
For textures with the "ENVIRONMENT" map type texture indexes are not used.
 
weights
The weights field specifies a set of weights that are required to mix different textures. In Cortona 4.0 this field is ignored and the backgroundFactor and foregroundFactor fields are used for mixing textures.
 
materialBlending
The materialBlending field specifies how to combine textures and materials on associated geometry. The value of materialBlending ranges from 0 to 1. If you don't specify any textures (the textures field is empty) or material (material is NULL), no combination happens. The weights required for mixing can be computed as:
if(textures.count == 0)
      Wmaterial = 1;	// a material is used
else if(material == NULL)
      Wmaterial = 0;	// textures are used
else 			// textures and material are combined
      Wmaterial = materialBlending.
 
textureTransforms
The textureTransforms field specifies a set of 2D transformations that are applied to different textures that are specified in the textures field. The field, if specified, contains a list of TextureTransform nodes. Descriptions of the TextureTransform node are provided in the VRML97 specification (see 6.49, TextureTransform).
 
BackgroundFactor, foreGroundFactor
The backgroundFactor and foreGroundFactor fields specify the sets of factors required to mix textures.
Multi-texturing is implemented by the multi-pass rendering. On each pass the successive texture from the textures node is mixed with the color resulting from the previous pass according to the following formula:
CMT(i) = CB * FB(i) + CF * FF(i), where
	CMT(i)	- the color resulting from the given pass,
	i	- the texture number in the textures node (the pass number),
	CB	- the pixel color resulting from the previous pass (CMT(i - 1)),
		  or back color (the frame-buffer contents before rendering)
		  for the first pass,
	CF	- the pixel color of the texture with the number i,
	FB(i)	- the factor defined in the backgroundFactor field,
	FF(i)	- the factor defined in the foregroundFactor field.
All colors are considered to have four components (RGBA). If there is no alpha channel (for example, the texture or back color has no alpha), the alpha value is considered to be 1 (entirely nontransparent color) i.e. the alpha channel takes part in all calculations equally with the other color components. The backgroundFactor and foreGroundFactor fields can take on the following values:

 

Value Factor
 
DEFAULT default
 
ZERO 0
 
ONE 1
 
FORE_COLOR CF
 
INV_FORE_COLOR 1 - CF
 
FORE_ALPHA AF
 
INV_FORE_ALPHA 1 - AF
 
BACK_COLOR CB
 
INV_BACK_COLOR 1 - CB
 
BACK_ALPHA AB
 
INV_BACK_ALPHA 1 - AB

AF - the alpha value resulting from the given pass,
AB - the alpha value resulting from the previous pass or from the back color. (If there is no alpha channel AB = 1).

Only GeForce adapters support the last two values. So for the rest display adapters the "BACK_ALPHA" value is equivalent to "ONE", and "INV_BACK_ALPHA" is equivalent to "ZERO".

If the values in the backgroundFactor and foreGroundFactor fields are not defined or set to "DEFAULT", they are determined by default according to the texture type (see the table below). The value of CF also depends on the texture type. If the material is defined (lighting on), the intensity textures are modulating by the diffuse color of the material. If all textures have alpha channels, the material transparency is ignored i.e. it is considered to be 0, and alpha from the textures is used. But if there is at least one texture without alpha the material transparency modulates the alpha channel of all textures.

 

Texture type backgroundFactor
by default
foregroundFactor
by default
CF
lighting on
CF
lighting off
 
Intensity "ZERO" "ONE" DM * CT CT
 
Intensity + Alpha "INV_FORE_ALPHA" "FORE_ALPHA" DM * CT CT
 
RGB "ZERO" "ONE" CT CT
 
RGB + Alpha "INV_FORE_ALPHA" "FORE_ALPHA" CT CT
CT - is the color of the texture (all components are equal for intensity textures)
DM - is the diffuse color of the material (the Material.diffuseColor field).
For compatibility with the standard specification, the following is implemented: if all textures have alpha channels, the material transparency is ignored i.e. it is considered to be 0, and the alpha from the textures is used. But if there is at least one texture without alpha the material transparency modulates the alpha channel of all textures. The AF value is calculated according to the formula:
 AF = AT * (1 - TM), where
	AT    - the alpha value of the texture 
			(for 1- and 3-component textures AT = 1)      
	TM    - the Material.transparency field value 
			(or 0 if all textures have the alpha channel)      

The color obtained after multi-texturing CMT is processed in the following way:

 
Lighting off
The resulting color is calculated by the formula:
C = BM * EM + (1 - BM) * CMT, where
C - is the resulting color of the pixel,
BM - is the coefficient of the material blending (the materialBlending field),
EM - is the emissive color of the material (the Material.emissiveColor field).
 
Lighting on
The resulting color of the pixel is calculated by the standard formula of the VRML lighting model where a diffuse factor (ODrgb) is set to the following color:
ODrgb = BM * DM + (1 - BM) * CMT

The resulting color C is combined with the color resulting from the previous pass (which is equal to CMT) and with the transparency of Material (the Material.transparency field) according to the following formula:

(1 - TM) * C + TM * CMT

^ Up ^

BumpMap

The BumpMap node specifies bump-effect (illusion of bumps, or variations in surface depth on an otherwise flat surface) for a 3D object.

 

EXTERNPROTO BumpMap [
	exposedField SFNode  texture
	exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 -1  # (-inf,inf)
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:BumpMap"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#BumpMap"
]

 

Fields and events
 
texture  Contains a texture bump map which can be given by the ImageTexture, PixelTexture, MovieTexture, CubeEnvironment, or MipMap nodes.
 
direction  Specifies the direction of a light source (analogous of the DirectionalLight node).
Each pixel of a resultant bump texture has grey color: red, green and blue components of its color are equal. The value of these components is calculated as follows:
  1. the direction vector is transformed to the global coordinates;
  2. the obtained vector is scalarly multiplied by the color of the corresponding pixel of the texture bump map, specified in the texture field.
If the BumpMap node is used as a value of the textures field of the AdvancedAppearance node, other fields of this node have the following default values:

backgroundFactor = FORE_COLOR
foregroundFactor = ZERO

or:

backgroundFactor = ZERO
foregroundFactor = BACK_COLOR

Important: This node is supported by GeForce and latest ATI Radeon video cards when the DirectX Renderer (Concorde DX7) is chosen, or at computers with the Pentium IV processor when the R98 Renderer (software renderer) is selected.

^ Up ^

CompositeTexture

The CompositeTexture3D and CompositeTexture2D nodes allow for adding composite textures to the 3D scene. You must have DirectX 9.0c installed and activated DirectX renderer with Auto or Concorde DX9 option in Cortona3D Viewer.

CompositeTexture3D

 

EXTERNPROTO CompositeTexture3D [ 
  eventIn	MFNode	addChildren
  eventIn	MFNode	removeChildren
  exposedField	MFNode	children	NULL
  exposedField	SFInt32	pixelWidth	-1
  exposedField	SFInt32	pixelHeight	-1   
  exposedField	SFBool	repeatS		TRUE
  exposedField	SFBool	repeatT		TRUE 
  exposedField	SFNode	background	NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	fog		NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	navigationInfo	NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	viewpoint	NULL
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:CompositeTexture3D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#CompositeTexture3D"
]

 

The CompositeTexture3D node represents a texture mapped onto a 3D object that is composed of a 3D scene.
User interaction and the standard user navigation on the textured scene are disabled.

The children field is the list of 3D children nodes that define the 3D scene that forms the texture map.
The addChildren eventIn specifies a list of nodes that shall be added to the children field.
The removeChildren eventIn specifies a list of nodes that shall be removed from the children field.
The pixelWidth and pixelHeight fields specify the ideal size in pixels of this map. The default values result in an undefined size being used. This is a hint for the content creator to define the quality of the texture mapping.
The background field specifies the Background of the current texture. It may only contain Background node.
The fog field specifies the Fog node.
The navigationInfo field specifies the NavigationInfo node.
The viewpoint field specifies the Viewpoint node.
The repeatS and repeatT fields specify how the texture wraps in the S and T directions.



 

CompositeTexture2D

 

EXTERNPROTO CompositeTexture2D [ 
  eventIn	MFNode	addChildren
  eventIn	MFNode	removeChildren
  exposedField	MFNode	children	NULL
  exposedField	SFInt32	pixelWidth	-1
  exposedField	SFInt32	pixelWidth	-1   
  exposedField	SFBool	repeatS		TRUE
  exposedField	SFBool	repeatT		TRUE 
  exposedField	SFNode	background	NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	viewport	NULL
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:CompositeTexture2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#CompositeTexture2D"
]

 

The CompositeTexture2D node represents a texture that is composed of a 2D scene, which may be mapped onto another object.

The children field contains a list of 2D children nodes that define the 2D scene that is to form the texture map.
The addChildren eventIn specifies a list of nodes that shall be added to the children field.
The removeChildren eventIn specifies a list of nodes that shall be removed from the children field.
TThe pixelWidth and pixelHeight fields specify the ideal size in pixels of this map. The default values result in an undefined size being used. This is a hint for the content creator to define the quality of the texture mapping.
The semantics of the background and viewport fields are identical to the semantics of the Layer2D fields of the same name.
The repeatS and repeatT fields specify how the texture wraps in the S and T directions.

^ Up ^

CortonaExtrusion

CortonaExtrusion is an extension of the standard Extrusion node. It allows for preventing the twist of extrusion models that have complicated spines. CortonaExtrusion has preventTwist field, which value determines how the Z-axis of the SCP is computed.

If preventTwist is FALSE, then CortonaExtrusion is identical to the standard Extrusion. The orientation of each cross-section is calculated from the local curvature of the spine. In some cases this algorithm can cause undesirable twists and distortions of the surface.

The Z-axis for points other than the first or last is determined as follows:
 

z = (spine[i+1] - spine[i]) * (spine[i-1] - spine[i])

 

If preventTwist is TRUE, then the orientation of each cross-section (except the first one) is approximately parallel to the orientation of the previous cross-section. This algorithm can help avoid undesirable twists and distortions.
The Z-axis for points other than the first or last is determined as follows:
 

z = x[i-1] * y[i] 

 

 

EXTERNPROTO CortonaExtrusion [ 
  eventIn MFVec2f     set_crossSection
  eventIn MFRotation  set_orientation
  eventIn MFVec2f     set_scale
  eventIn MFVec3f     set_spine
  field	  SFBool      preventTwist FALSE
  field	  SFBool      beginCap     TRUE
  field	  SFBool      ccw          TRUE
  field	  SFBool      convex       TRUE
  field	  SFFloat     creaseAngle  0
  field	  MFVec2f     crossSection [1 1 1 -1 -1 -1  -1  1  1  1]
  field	  SFBool      endCap       TRUE
  field   MFRotation  orientation  [0 0 1 0]
  field   MFVec2f     scale        [1 1]
  field   SFBool      solid        TRUE
  field   MFVec3f     spine        [0 0 0 0 1 0]  
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:CortonaExtrusion"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#CortonaExtrusion"
]

^ Up ^

CubeEnvironment

The CubeEnvironment node specifies an environment cube texture map shape for simulating reflections on 3D objects in the scene.

 

EXTERNPROTO CubeEnvironment [
  exposedField  SFNode  backTexture
  exposedField  SFNode  bottomTexture
  exposedField  SFNode  frontTexture
  exposedField  SFNode  leftTexture
  exposedField  SFNode  rightTexture
  exposedField  SFNode  topTexture
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:CubeEnvironment"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#CubeEnvironment"
]

 

Fields and events
 
backTexture  Specifies the back texture in the cube map shape.
 
bottomTexture  Specifies the bottom texture in the cube map shape.
 
frontTexture  Specifies the front texture in the cube map shape.
 
leftTexture  Specifies the left texture in the cube map shape.
 
rightTexture  Specifies the right texture in the cube map shape.
 
topTexture  Specifies the top texture in the cube map shape.

Following nodes can be used as values of the above fields: ImageTexture, PixelTexture, MovieTexture, BumpMap, and MipMap. It is not possible to use the BumpMap or MipMap nodes as values of the fields if the CubeEnvironment node is in its turn specified in one of these two nodes.

Important: This node is supported by most video cards when the DirectX Renderer (Concorde DX7) or OpenGL Renderer is selected. It is strongly recommended to install the latest version of DirectX and update the video card driver (from its manufacturer's Web site) before viewing VRML scenes containing this node.

^ Up ^

DropSensor

The DropSensor node generates events based on input from a pointing device. Retrieves an object's uniform resource locator (URL) of an object (resource) dragged to the 3D window.

To texture an object, drag and drop the texture or links (in Netscape Navigator) onto the box in the 3D window. You can also drag a link to any of image file from your local drive or Internet.

Node description
EXTERNPROTO DropSensor [
  exposedField	SFBool	enabled TRUE
  eventOut	SFVec3f	hitPoint
  eventOut	SFVec3f	hitNormal	
  eventOut	SFVec2f	hitTexCoord
  eventOut	SFTime	dropTime
  eventOut	MFNode	nodeChain	
  eventOut	MFString	url
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:DropSensor"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#DropSensor"
]

 

 
enabled indicates whether the sensor is currently paying attention to pointing device input.
 
hitPoint the location on the surface of the underlying geometry at which the primary button of the pointing device was released.
 
hitNormal the normal at the point given by hitPoint.
 
hitTexCoord the texture coordinate at the point given by hitPoint.
 
dropTime the time at which the primary button of the pointing device was released.
 
nodeChain returns the nodes names from the top-level to the geometry at which the primary button of the pointing device was released.
 
url returns the URL for the object (resource) currently dragged to the 3D window.
Example
#VRML V2.0 utf8
NavigationInfo {
 type "EXAMINE"
}
Transform {
 rotation 1 1 1 1	
 children [
  DEF DS DropSensor {}
  Shape {
   geometry Box {}
   appearance Appearance {
    texture DEF IT ImageTexture {}
    material Material {
     shininess 1
    }		  
   }
  }
 ]
}
ROUTE DS.url TO IT.url

^ Up ^

EventUtilities

These nodes allow authors to handle numerous event-types for interactive scenes without the use of the Script node.

Each node corresponds to standard VRML node. All field definitions are similar to the ISO/IEC 19775 Abstract Specification. This section provides a detailed definition of the syntax of proposed nodes.

BooleanFilter

 

EXTERNPROTO BooleanFilter [ 
  eventIn   SFBool set_boolean
  eventOut  SFBool inputFalse
  eventOut  SFBool inputNegate
  eventOut  SFBool inputTrue

]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:BooleanFilter"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#BooleanFilter"
]

 

The BooleanFilter node allows routing of boolean values and negation. On receiving the set_boolean TRUE event, the BooleanFilter node generates the inputTrue event, and on receiving FALSE, it generates the inputFalse event. In both cases the BooleanFilter node generates the inputNegate event, which is the negation of the set_boolean value.

BooleanToggle

 

EXTERNPROTO BooleanToggle [ 
  eventIn       SFBool set_boolean
  exposedField  SFBool toggle    #FALSE
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:BooleanToggle"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#BooleanToggle"
]

 

The BooleanToggle node stores a boolean value in the toggle field and negates it on receiving of the set_boolean TRUE event. The set_boolean FALSE event is ignored.

BooleanTrigger

 

EXTERNPROTO BooleanTrigger [ 
  eventIn   SFTime set_triggerTime
  eventOut  SFBool triggerTrue
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:BooleanTrigger"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#BooleanTrigger"
]

 

BooleanTrigger is a node that always generates the triggerTrue TRUE event on receiving a set_triggerTime event.

IntegerSequencer

 

EXTERNPROTO IntegerSequencer [ 
  eventIn       SFBool   next
  eventIn       SFBool   previous
  eventIn       SFBool   set_fraction
  exposedField  MFFloat  key       #[] (-inf,inf)
  exposedField  MFInt32  keyValue  #[] -1|[1,inf)
  eventOut      MFInt32  value_changed

]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:IntegerSequencer"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#IntegerSequencer"
]

 

The IntegerSequencer node generates the value_changed event on receiving a set_fraction event. The value of the value_changed event is taken from the keyValue array's element corresponding to the element of the key array the value of which equals to the value of the set_fraction event.

IntegerTrigger

 

EXTERNPROTO IntegerTrigger [ 
  eventIn       SFBool   set_boolean
  exposedField  SFInt32  integerKey  #1 | (-inf,inf)
  eventOut      SFInt32  triggerValue
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:IntegerTrigger"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#IntegerTrigger"
]

 

On receiving a set_boolean event, the IntegerTrigger node generates the triggerValue event with the current value of integerKey. This is useful for connecting environmental events to the Switch node's whichChoice.

TimeTrigger

 

EXTERNPROTO TimeTrigger [ 
  eventIn   SFBool set_boolean
  eventOut  SFTime triggerTime
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:TimeTrigger"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#TimeTrigger"
]

 

The triggerTime event is generated on receiving a set_boolean event. The value of triggerTime is the time at which set_boolean is received. The value of set_boolean is ignored.

^ Up ^

FlashMovie

The FlashMovie node enables you to place Flash animations in your VRML scenes and establish bi-directional interaction between VRML scenes and Flash animations. Flash Player v.4 or later should be installed on your computer.

#VRML V2.0 utf8

EXTERNPROTO FlashMovie [
  exposedField SFBool   wantMouse       # TRUE
  exposedField SFBool   wantKeys        # TRUE
  exposedField SFBool   playing         # FALSE
  exposedField SFBool   loop            # FALSE
  exposedField SFInt32  quality         # 0=Low, 1=High, 2=AutoLow, 3=AutoHigh
  exposedField SFInt32  scaleMode       # 0=ShowAll, 1=NoBorder, 2=ExactFit
  exposedField SFInt32  alignMode       # flags, Left=1, Right=2, Top=4, Bottom=8
  exposedField SFInt32  frameNum        # 0
  exposedField SFInt32  width           # 256
  exposedField SFInt32  height          # 256
  exposedField SFColor  backgroundColor # []
  exposedField MFString url             # []
  field        SFBool   repeatS         # TRUE
  field        SFBool   repeatT         # TRUE
  eventIn      SFString command         #
  eventOut     SFInt32  readyState      # 0=Loading, 1=Uninitialized, 
					# 2=Loaded, 3=Interactive, 4=Complete
  eventOut     SFInt32  totalFrames     #
  eventOut     SFInt32  percentLoaded   #
  eventOut     MFString fsCommand       #
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:FlashMovie"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#FlashMovie"
]
The key benefits from displaying Flash movies using the FlashMovie node instead of the MovieTexture node:
 
ability to control the playback of Flash movies from VRML scenes by starting or stopping animations, or by specifying frame numbers;
 
direct access from VRML scenes to the basic properties of Flash movies, such as quality and background color of the movie;
 
Flash FSCommand actions generate events in VRML scenes.

The texture field of the Appearance VRML node, and the texture field of the AdvancedAppearance VRML extension node in Cortona, can reference FlashMovie node.

Fields and events:

 

wantMouse determines whether the Flash movie can receive mouse events from Cortona window
wantKeys determines whether the Flash movie can receive keyboard events from Cortona window
playing specifies whether the Flash movie is playing
loop specifies whether the Flash movie continues playing into the next cycle at the end of the previous cycle. A Flash movie with loop true at the end of every cycle continues playing forever.
quality specifies the level of anti-aliasing to be used during playback of the Flash movie. Values: 0=Low, 1=High, 2=AutoLow, 3=AutoHigh
scaleMode determines how the Flash movie is displayed if its size differs from the size specified by the width/height properties. Values: 0=ShowAll, 1=NoBorder, 2=ExactFit
alignMode determines how the Flash movie is aligned if its size differs from the size specified by the width/height properties. Values: Left=1, Right=2, Top=4, Bottom=8
frameNum specifies the number of the current frame in the Flash movie (the first frame has a zero number)
width, height indicate the width and height of the Flash movie texture in pixels respectively
backgroundColor   specifies the background color of the Flash movie
url defines the URL for the Flash movie file
repeatS, repeatT specify how the texture wraps in the S and T directions. They are analogues of repeatS and repeatT fields of the VRML ImageTexture node respectively.
command specifies a string which is transferred to the Flash movie. This string can be used for setting values of Flash movie properties and invoking methods which have no parameters.
readyState indicates the state of the Flash movie. Values: 0=Loading, 1=Uninitialized, 2=Loaded, 3=Interactive, 4=Complete.
totalFrames specifies the total number of frames in the Flash movie.
percentLoaded indicates the percentage of the Flash movie loading process.
fsCommand specifies MFString strings containing commands generated in the Flash movie. This event value has the following syntax: [command, arg] or [command1, arg1, command2, arg2,...]. For more details see the Controlling the Flash Player entry in the Macromedia Flash help system.

^ Up ^

GradientBackground

The GradientBackground allows for creating horizontal or vertical gradient background that is static relatively to the camera movements.

 

EXTERNPROTO GradientBackground [ 
  eventIn		SFBool		set_bind
  exposedField		MFColor		color		0,0,0
  exposedField		MFFloat		colorPosition	0
  exposedField		SFString	type		"LINEAR-VERTICAL"   
  eventOut		SFBool		isBound
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:GradientBackground"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#GradientBackground"
]

 

The set_bind field works in the same way as the set_bind field of the Background node.
The color field specifies two or more colors of the gradient.
The colorPosition field specifies the positions of colors listed in the color field. If only two colors are used to create the gradient, the colorPosition field is not necessary. If the value of the colorPosition field is not specified, the colors are arranged uniformly.
The type field specifies whether the gradient is horizontal or vertical. The possible values are "LINEAR-VERTICAL" (default) and "LINEAR-HORIZONTAL".
The isBound field works in the same way as the isBound field of the Background node.

 

^ Up ^

Interpolator Nodes in Cortona

The standard VRML interpolator nodes, such as, ColorInterpolator, CoordinateInterpolator, NormalInterpolator, OrientationInterpolator, PositionInterpolator, ScalarInterpolator nodes, and ParallelGraphics Position2Interpolator node are designed for linear keyframed animation among the lists of SFColor, SFVec3f, SFRotation, SFFloat and SFVec2f values. These nodes are used as a base for most simple animations in VRML scenes. The implementation of smooth (non-linear) animations in VRML is possible only with the use of the Script VRML node. Apart from being inconvenient for content creators, this results in significant reduction in performance. If smooth animations are created with the use of linear interpolators, a larger number of keyframes and therefore substantially larger size of files result.

ParallelGraphics VRML extension nodes were introduced to resolve this problem by extending the capabilities of existing interpolator nodes of the corresponding types. By setting the value of the type field of the new interpolator nodes, the content creator can choose the desired type of interpolation - how the values of a parameter should be generated between keyframe values. Specifying non-linear interpolation types allows developers to create smooth and realistic animations with the use of a minimum number of keyframes.

All the new ParallelGraphics interpolator nodes, except for the OrientationInterpolatorEx node, share the following common set of fields and semantics:

 

eventIn SFFloat set_fraction  
exposedField   MFFloat key [...]
exposedField MF<type> keyValue [...]
eventOut SF<type> value_changed    
exposedField SFString   type "LINEAR"
exposedField MFFloat params [0, 0, 0] # (-inf,inf)
The type field specifies the type of interpolation used. The following values of this field are possible: "CONSTANT", "LINEAR", "COSINE", "CUBIC" and "HERMITE":

 

Value of the type field    Interpolation
"CONSTANT" The value remains fixed until the next keyframe. No interpolation is performed.
"LINEAR" The value changes linearly from the previous to the next keyframe value. For complex values, each of the components changes independently of other components. The speed of the value change (acceleration or deceleration) is constant throughout the interval. This is how interpolation is performed by standard VRML interpolator nodes which the corresponding ParallelGraphics interpolator nodes extend.
"COSINE" The value changes according to the cosine law in the interval between the previous and the next keyframe values. The speed of the value change is minimum (zero) both at the beginning and end of the interval while the maximum speed of the value change is achieved in the middle of the interval.
"CUBIC" The value changes between keyframes values according to cubic law. Cubic splines provide quick and smooth interpolation of values.
"HERMITE" The Kochanek-Bartels splines (also known as TCB splines), which are based on Hermite polynoms, provide cubic interpolation of the parameter between keyframes values. The exact type of dependence between the values of a key and the corresponding keyValue parameter (interpolation function) can be customized using three TCB-splines parameters specified by the params field.
Notes (for "CUBIC" and "HERMITE" interpolation types):
 
Linear interpolation is used instead of cubic interpolation if the number of keyframes is less than 4.
 
If the value of the first keyframe coincides with the value of the last keyframe, the cubic spline is "closed", i.e. there is no derivative hit of keyValue when interpolating between the last and first keyframes.

Three values in the params field of the interpolator nodes with extended capabilities specify the parameters of Kochanek-Bartels splines which customize the interpolation function:

 

Parameter   Name Description
0 Tension Specifies the bending sharpness of the interpolation function at keyframes (higher tension values correspond to tighter function curves, lower - to looser curves).
1 Continuity   Specifies the variation in derivative of the interpolation function from the left and right at keyframes (zero - transition between adjacent intervals at keyframes is smooth, non-zero - intersections of intervals are abrupt).
2 Bias Controls the amount that the interpolation function bends at each end of the interval between keyframes (Bias<0 - the function bends more at the beginning of the interval, Bias>0 - the function bends more at the end).
Note: if the values of the Continuity and Bias parameters are equal to 0, the Kochanek-Bartels splines are identical to cardinal splines. If all three parameters are equal to zero (the default value of the params field), the TSB splines are identical to the Catmull-Rom splines.

The OrientationInterpolatorEx node has only one additional field - type. This field can take on the following values: "CONSTANT", "LINEAR" (slerp) and "SPLINE" (squad) that specify constant, linear and cubic spline interpolation respectively.

Definitions of the other fields and events in the interpolator nodes are similar to the definitions of the corresponding standard VRML nodes. More information about interpolators in VRML is available at the Interpolators nodes topic in the VRML97 Specification.

ColorInterpolatorEx

The ColorInterpolatorEx node interpolates among a list of MFColor values using a specified interpolation method. This node extends the standard ColorInterpolator VRML node.

 

EXTERNPROTO ColorInterpolatorEx [ 
  eventIn         SFFloat   set_fraction               # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   key             []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFColor   keyValue        []         # [0,1]
  exposedField    MFFloat   params          [0, 0, 0]  # (-inf,inf)  
  exposedField    SFString  type            "LINEAR"  
  eventOut        SFColor   value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Position2Interpolator"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#ColorInterpolatorEx"
]

 

The type field defines the interpolation method. The possible values of this field are "CONSTANT", "LINEAR", "COSINE", "CUBIC" and "HERMITE". In the case of the Hermite interpolation, the params field specifies three interpolation parameters: Tension, Continuity and Bias.

Definitions of the other fields and events of the ColorInterpolatorEx node are similar to the corresponding definitions for the ColorInterpolator VRML node.

OrientationInterpolatorEx

The OrientationInterpolatorEx node interpolates among a list of rotation values using a specified interpolation method. This node extends the standard OrientationInterpolator node.

 

EXTERNPROTO OrientationInterpolatorEx [ 
  eventIn         SFFloat      set_fraction               # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat      key             []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFRotation   keyValue        []         # [-1,1],(-inf,inf)
  exposedField    SFString     type            "LINEAR"  
  eventOut        SFRotation   value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:OrientationInterpolatorEx"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#OrientationInterpolatorEx"
]

 

The type field defines the interpolation method. The possible values of this field are "CONSTANT", "LINEAR" (slerp) and "SPLINE" (squad):

 

Value of the type field   Interpolation
"CONSTANT"   The orientation value remains fixed until the next keyframe. No interpolation is performed.
"LINEAR" The value of orientation is interpolated uniformly along a geodesic in the surface of the 3-sphere between the previous and the next keyframe values. This method is often referred to as SLERP (Spherical-Linear intERPolation). That is how the interpolation is made by the OrientationInterpolator node.
"SPLINE" The value of orientation is interpolated between keyframe values using cubic Hermite polynoms. This method is referred to as SQUAD (Spherical QUADrilateral interpolation). Unlike SLERP, the transition between adjacent intervals at keyframes is smooth.
Notes (for the "SPLINE" interpolation type):
 
Linear interpolation is used instead of cubic interpolation if the number of keyframes is less than 4.
 
If the value of the first keyframe coincides with the value of the last keyframe, the cubic spline is "closed".

Definitions of the other fields and events of the OrientationInterpolatorEx node are similar to the corresponding definitions for the OrientationInterpolator node.

PositionInterpolator2DEx

The PositionInterpolator2DEx node interpolates among a list of SFVec2f values using a specified interpolation method. This node extends the ParallelGraphics extension node Position2Interpolator.

 

EXTERNPROTO PositionInterpolator2DEx [ 
  eventIn         SFFloat   set_fraction               # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   key             []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFVec2f   keyValue        []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   params          [0, 0, 0]  # (-inf,inf)  
  exposedField    SFString  type            "LINEAR"  
  eventOut        SFVec2f   value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:PositionInterpolator2DEx"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#PositionInterpolator2DEx"
]

 

The type field defines the interpolation method. The possible values of this field are "CONSTANT", "LINEAR", "COSINE", "CUBIC" and "HERMITE". In the case of the Hermite interpolation, the params field specifies three interpolation parameters: Tension, Continuity and Bias.

Definitions of the other fields and events of the PositionInterpolator2DEx node are similar to the corresponding definitions for the ParallelGraphics extension node Position2Interpolator.

PositionInterpolatorEx

The PositionInterpolatorEx node interpolates among a list of 3D vectors using a specified interpolation method. This node extends the standard PositionInterpolator VRML node.

 

EXTERNPROTO PositionInterpolatorEx [ 
  eventIn         SFFloat   set_fraction               # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   key             []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFVec3f   keyValue        []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   params          [0, 0, 0]  # (-inf,inf)  
  exposedField    SFString  type            "LINEAR"  
  eventOut        SFVec3f   value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:PositionInterpolatorEx"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#PositionInterpolatorEx"
]

 

The type field defines the interpolation method. The possible values of this field are "CONSTANT", "LINEAR", "COSINE", "CUBIC" and "HERMITE". In the case of the Hermite interpolation, the params field specifies three interpolation parameters: Tension, Continuity and Bias.

Definitions of the other fields and events of the ColorInterpolatorEx node are similar to the corresponding definitions for the PositionInterpolator VRML node.

Position2Interpolator

The Position2Interpolator node linearly interpolates among a list of 2D vectors. This node allows a dynamic transformation that is applied to texture coordinates without implementation of the Script node.

Node description
	EXTERNPROTO Position2Interpolator [ 
 eventIn		SFFloat set_fraction
 exposedField	MFFloat key		[]
 exposedField	MFVec2f keyValue		[]
 eventOut		SFVec2f value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Position2Interpolator"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Position2Interpolator"
]

All definitions of the fields are similar to the VRML97 definitions of the PositionInterpolator node.

Example
#VRML V2.0 utf8
NavigationInfo {
 type "EXAMINE"
}
Transform {
 rotation 1 1 1 1
 children [
  Shape {
   geometry Box {}
   appearance Appearance {
    texture ImageTexture {
     url "sky01.gif"
    }
    textureTransform
     DEF TT TextureTransform {}
   }
  }
 ]
}
DEF TIS TimeSensor {
 loop TRUE
 cycleInterval 5
}
DEF PI2 Position2Interpolator {
 key [0 1]
 keyValue [0 0, 1 1]
}
ROUTE TIS.fraction_changed
TO PI2.set_fraction
ROUTE PI2.value_changed
TO TT.translation

ScalarInterpolatorEx

The ScalarInterpolatorEx node interpolates among a list of SFFloat values using a specified interpolation method. This node extends the standard ScalarInterpolator VRML node.

 

EXTERNPROTO ScalarInterpolatorEx [ 
  eventIn         SFFloat   set_fraction               # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   key             []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   keyValue        []         # (-inf,inf)
  exposedField    MFFloat   params          [0, 0, 0]  # (-inf,inf)  
  exposedField    SFString  type            "LINEAR"  
  eventOut        SFFloat   value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:ScalarInterpolatorEx"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#ScalarInterpolatorEx"
]

 

The type field defines the interpolation method. The possible values of this field are "CONSTANT", "LINEAR", "COSINE", "CUBIC" and "HERMITE". In the case of the Hermite interpolation, the params field specifies three interpolation parameters: Tension, Continuity and Bias.

Definitions of the other fields and events of the ScalarInterpolatorEx node are similar to the corresponding definitions for the ScalarInterpolator VRML node.

^ Up ^

KbdSensor

The KbdSensor node generates events based on input from a keyboard.

Node description
EXTERNPROTO KbdSensor [ 
 exposedField	SFBool	enabled TRUE
 exposedField	SFBool	isActive FALSE
 eventOut		SFInt32	keyDown
 eventOut		SFInt32	keyUp
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:KbdSensor"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#KbdSensor"
]
 
enabled indicates whether the sensor is currently paying attention to a keyboard input. If enabled receives TRUE and isActive is TRUE, the sensor reacts on input from a keyboard. In this case, the user cannot navigate in the 3D window using keyboard commands.
 
isActive allows to control the sensor. If isActive receives a TRUE event, the sensor processes all keyboard input. Otherwise, the input is treated with a browser.
 
keyDown and keyUp events generate 32-bit value containing the character code of the key that was pressed or released. The primary two bytes specify the virtual-key code of the nonsystem key, and the secondary - key-state flags.
Example
#VRML V2.0 utf8
NavigationInfo {
 type "EXAMINE"
}
Background {
 skyColor [1 1 1]
}
DEF KS KbdSensor {
 isActive TRUE
}
Shape {
 geometry DEF TXT Text {
  string ["?"]
  fontStyle FontStyle	{
  justify ["MIDDLE", "MIDDLE"]
  family "TYPEWRITER"
  style "BOLD"
  size 4
  }
 }
 appearance Appearance {
  material Material {
   diffuseColor 0.02 0.38 0.61
  }
 } 
}
DEF SCR Script	{
 directOutput TRUE
 eventIn SFInt32 go
 field SFNode TXT USE TXT
 field MFString string [""]
 url ["javascript:
  function go(val,ts){
   string[0]=
    String.fromCharCode(val.toString());
   TXT.string=string;
  }
  "]
}
ROUTE KS.keyDown TO SCR.go

^ Up ^

Layers and 2D Nodes

Layers

Layers are transparent rectangular areas on the screen in which VRML scenes are rendered. These areas always face the viewer.

Layer2D

 

EXTERNPROTO Layer2D [ 
  eventIn	MFNode	addChildren
  eventIn	MFNode	removeChildren
  exposedField	MFNode	children	NULL
  exposedField	SFVec2f	size		-1, -1
  exposedField	SFNode	background	NULL 
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Layer2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Layer2D"
]

 

The Layer2D node represents an area where 2D scene is rendered.

Its coordinate system's origin is positioned in the center of the rendering area, the x-axis is positive to the right and y-axis in positive upwards.

The width of the rendering area represents -1.0 to +1.0 on the x-axis. The extent of the y-axis in the positive and negative directions is determined by the aspect ratio of the rendering area so that the unit of distance is equal in both directions.

The children field may contain any 2D nodes. The addChildren and removeChildren fields are lists of 2D nodes to add and, respectively, remove from the layer.

The size parameter specifies width and height of layer rectangle in local coordinate system.

The background field specifies the Background of the current layer. It may only contain Background2D node.

Layer3D

 

EXTERNPROTO Layer3D [ 
  eventIn	MFNode	addChildren
  eventIn	MFNode	removeChildren
  exposedField	MFNode	children	NULL
  exposedField	SFVec2f	size		-1, -1
  exposedField	SFNode	background	NULL 
  exposedField	SFNode	fog		NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	navigationInfo	NULL
  exposedField	SFNode	viewpoint	NULL
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Layer3D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Layer3D"
]

 

The Layer3D node represents an area where 3D scene is rendered. Its coordinate system is the same as used in VRML scene.

The children field may contain any 3D nodes. The addChildren and removeChildren fields are lists of 3D nodes to add and, respectively, remove from the layer.

The size parameter specifies width and height of layer rectangle in local coordinate system.

The background field specifies the Background of the current layer. It may only contain Background node.

The fog field specifies the Fog node.

The navigationInfo field specifies the NavigationInfo node.

The viewpoint field specifies the Viewpoint node.

2D Nodes

2D geometry nodes specify the planar type of geometry nodes. All 2D geometry nodes are used in the two-dimensional coordinate system. The origin and direction of x- and y-axes in the 2D coordinate system coincides with the origin and direction of x- and y-axes in the 3D coordinate system correspondingly. Z-component is set to null (z=0). As 2D geometry nodes come from geometry component they are defined in the geometry field of the Shape node. As all geometry nodes, 2D geometry nodes are affected by the Appearance node, which describes by the appearance properties (material and texture) that is applied to the geometry. Only emissivecolor and transparency of the Material properties are applied to 2D geometry, other properties have no effect.

2D geometry is mainly implemented (designed) for use in Layer2D nodes.

Circle

 

EXTERNPROTO Circle [ 
  field SFFloat  radius  #1 (0,inf)
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Circle"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Circle"
]

 

The Circle node specifies a circle centered at (0,0) in the local 2D coordinate system. The radius field specifies the radius of the Circle. The value of radius should be greater than zero.

Rectangle

 

EXTERNPROTO Rectangle [ 
  field SFVec2f  size  #2 2 (0,inf)
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Rectangle"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Rectangle"
]

 

The Rectangle node specifies a rectangle centered at (0, 0) in the current local 2D coordinate system and aligned with the local coordinate axes. The size field specifies the values of the rectangle's sides. Each component value should be greater than zero.

IndexedLineSet2D

 

EXTERNPROTO IndexedLineSet2D [ 
  eventIn       MFInt32  set_colorIndex
  eventIn       MFInt32  set_coordIndex
  exposedField  SFNode   color           #NULL
  exposedField  SFNode   coord           #NULL
  field         MFInt32  colorIndex      #[]
  field         SFBool   colorPerVertex  #TRUE
  field         MFInt32  coordIndex      #[]
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:IndexedLineSet2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#IndexedLineSet2D"
]

 

The IndexedLineSet2D represents a 2D shape consisting of 2D lines. The coord field contains the Coordinate2D node that specifies coordinates of the vertices, from which lines are formed. IndexedFaceSet2D is a 2D equivalent of the IndexedLineSet node.

IndexedFaceSet2D

 

EXTERNPROTO IndexedFaceSet2D [ 
  eventIn       MFInt32  set_colorIndex
  eventIn       MFInt32  set_coordIndex
  eventIn       MFInt32  set_texCoordIndex
  exposedField  SFNode   color           #NULL
  exposedField  SFNode   coord           #NULL
  exposedField  SFNode   texCoord        #NULL
  field         MFInt32  colorIndex      #[]
  field         SFBool   colorPerVertex  #TRUE
  field         SFBool   convex          #TRUE
  field         MFInt32  coordIndex      #[]
  field         MFInt32  texCoordIndex   #[]
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:IndexedFaceSet2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#IndexedFaceSet2D"
]

 

The IndexedFaceSet2D represents a 2D shape consisting of 2D faces. The coord field contains the Coordinate2D node that specifies coordinates of the vertices from which faces are formed. IndexedFaceSet2D is a 2D equivalent of the IndexedFaceSet node.

PointSet2D

 

EXTERNPROTO PointSet2D [ 
  exposedField  SFNode color   #NULL
  exposedField  SFNode coord   #NULL
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:PointSet2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#PointSet2D"
]

 

The PointSet2D node specifies a set of 2D points. The coord field contains the Coordinate2D node. The PointSet2D node is a 2D equivalent of the PointSet node.

Coordinate2D

 

EXTERNPROTO Coordinate2D [ 
  exposedField  MFVec2f  point   #[]
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Coordinate2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Coordinate2D"
]

 

The Coordinate2D node specifies a set of 2D coordinates, which is used in the coord field of PointSet2D, IndexedLineSet2D and IndexedFaceSet2D nodes.

CoordinateInterpolator2D

 

EXTERNPROTO CoordinateInterpolator2D [ 
  eventIn       SFFloat  set_fraction
  exposedField  MFFloat  key       #[]
  exposedField  MFVec2f  keyValue  #[]
  eventOut      MFVec2f  value_changed
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:CoordinateInterpolator2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#CoordinateInterpolator2D"
]

 

The CoordinateInterpolator2D node is the 2D equivalent of the CoordinateInterpolator node.

Transform2D

 

EXTERNPROTO Transform2D [ 
  eventIn      MFNode  addChildren
  eventIn      MFNode  removeChildren
  exposedField SFVec2f center           #0,0
  exposedField MFNode  children         #[]
  exposedField SFFloat rotationAngle    #0.0
  exposedField SFVec2f scale            #1,1
  exposedField SFFloat scaleOrientation #0.0
  exposedField SFVec2f translation      #0,0
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Transform2D"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Transform2D"
]

 

The Transform2D node is a 2D equivalent of the Transform node. It is a grouping node that allows translation, rotation and scaling of its 2D children. The translation field specifies translation of the children objects. The rotationAngle field specifies rotation of the children objects. The centre of rotation is the point specified in the center field. The scale field specifies scaling of the children nodes. The scaleOrientation specifies a rotation of the coordinate system before the scale (to specify scales in arbitrary orientations). The scaleOrientation field applies only to the scale operation.

Transform2DEx

The Transform2DEx node allows for positioning layers on the screen and specifying their size in pixels.

Note: The Transform2DEx node should not be used inside Transform and Layer nodes.

 

 

EXTERNPROTO Transform2DEx [ 
  eventIn      MFNode  addChildren
  eventIn      MFNode  removeChildren
  exposedField SFVec2f center           #0,0
  exposedField MFNode  children         #[]
  exposedField SFFloat rotationAngle    #0.0
  exposedField SFVec2f scale            #1,1
  exposedField SFFloat scaleOrientation #0.0
  exposedField SFVec2f translation      #0,0
  exposedField SFVec2f origin		#0,0
  exposedField SFVec2f pixelTranslation	#0,0
  exposedField SFVec2f pixelScale	#0,0
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Transform2DEx"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Transform2DEx"
]

 

The Transform2DEx node is a equivalent of the Transform2D node. It is a grouping node that allows translation, rotation and scaling of its 2D children.
The translation field specifies translation of the children objects.
The rotationAngle field specifies rotation of the children objects.
The centre of rotation is the point specified in the center field.
The scale field specifies scaling of the children nodes.
The scaleOrientation specifies a rotation of the coordinate system before the scale (to specify scales in arbitrary orientations). The scaleOrientation field applies only to the scale operation.
The origin field specifies the translation of coordinate system.
The pixelTranslation field specifies translation of the children objects in pixels.
The pixelScale field specifies scaling of the children objects in pixels.

Background2D

 

EXTERNPROTO Background2D [ 
  eventIn       SFBool   set_bind     
  exposedField  SFColor  backColor #0 0 0
  exposedField  MFString url       #[]
  eventOut      SFBool   isBound                          
]                                                                                                          
[                                                                                                          
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Background2D"                                                  
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Background2D"                                                                                    
]                                                                                                          

 

Background2D node is a 2D equivalent of the Background node. Background2D is used only in 2D context, such as Layer2D node.

backColor field specifies the color of the of the background. url field specifies an image which is applied to the 2D background.

As there is no background stack in the layer nodes, set_bind and isBound fields are ignored.

^ Up ^

MipMap

The MipMap node specifies a set of texture nodes containing low- and high-resolution versions of the same texture to be used for texturing geometry.

 


EXTERNPROTO MipMap [
  exposedField  MFNode  levels
]
[ 
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:MipMap" 
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#MipMap"
]

 

Fields and events
 
levels  Contains a set of texture nodes (ImageTexture, PixelTexture, or MovieTexture), which specify different mip-map levels for an original texture. The original (most detailed) texture should be referenced in the first position of the levels field (level zero mip-map). Every next texture referenced by this field should have dimension (by each of the sizes) two times less than the previous texture and have the same format. Otherwise, the next texture is stretched to the required size and converted to the required format. If any of the levels is missing, it is generated automatically.

The use of mip-maped textures of different levels reduces the jagged effect (this effect is observed when the scene contains acutely angled polygons that disappear into the distance).

In most cases, it is recommended to use automatic mip-mapping that can be enabled through the Use textures mip-mapping renderer option in Cortona. If automatic mip-mapping does not give the desired effect, the MipMap node should be used.

 

^ Up ^

NurbsSurface

NURBS in Cortona

Extending VRML standard ParallelGraphics realized support of a mathematical model for surfaces known as NURBS for Cortona VRML client 1.5+. With NURBS geometry, users can model complex sculptured shapes faster, more accurately, and with fewer surfaces.

For example, NURBS geometry makes it possible to treat the hood of an automobile or the wing of an airplane as a single surface and create more realistic shapes of human bodies.

With NURBS it is easier to create virtual worlds in VRML with smooth surfaces and reduced download size of VRML files because of the compact NURBS description at once.

 
Geometric NURBS node

This description corresponds to NURBS Extension for VRML97 Discussion & Node proposal 12 March, 1999 by Blaxxun interactive except the fields distance, quality, uTessellation, vTessellation, and texCoord.

NurbsSurface {
  field		SFInt32 uDimension 0	#[0, inf)
  field		SFInt32 vDimension 0	#[0, inf)
  field		MFFloat uKnot [] 		#(-inf,inf)
  field		MFFloat vKnot []		#[2, inf)
  field		SFInt32 uOrder 3		#[2, inf)
  field		SFInt32 vOrder 3		#[2, inf)
  exposedField	MFVec3f controlPoint []	#(-inf,inf)
  exposedField	MFFloat weight []		#(0, inf)
  exposedField	SFInt32 uTessellation 0	#(-inf,inf)
  exposedField	SFInt32 vTessellation 0	#(-inf,inf)
  exposedField	SFNode texCoord []
  exposedField	SFBool ccw TRUE
  exposedField	SFBool solid TRUE
  exposedField	MFFloat distance 10
  exposedField	MFFloat quality [0, 0.75]
}
 
uDimension and vDimension define the number of control points in the u and v dimensions.
 
uOrder and vOrder define the order of surface. From a mathematical point of view, the surface is defined by polynomials of the degree order-1.

The order of the curves uOrder and vOrder must be greater or equal to 2. An implementation may limit uOrder and vOrder to a certain number. The most common orders are 3 (quadratic polynomial) and 4 (cubic polynomial), which are sufficient to achieve the desired curvature in most cases.
The number of control points must be at least equal to the order of the curve. The order defines the number of adjacent control points that influence a given control point.

 
controlPoint defines a set of control points of dimension uDimension * vDimension. This set of points defines a mesh similar to the grid of an ElevationGrid whereas the points do not have a uniform spacing. Depending on the weight-values and the order this hull is approximated by the resulting surface. uDimension points define a polyline in u-direction followed by further u-polylines with the v-parameter in ascending order. The number of control points must be equal or greater than the order. A closed B-Spline surface can be specified by repeating the limiting control points.

The control vertex corresponding to the control point P[i, j] on the control grid is :

P[i,j].x = controlPoints[i + (j * uDimension)].x 

P[i,j].y = controlPoints[i + (j * uDimension)].y 

P[i,j].z = controlPoints[i + (j * uDimension)].z 

P[i,j].w = weight[ i + (j * uDimension)] 

where 0 <= i < uDimension and 0 <= j < vDimension.

 
A weight value that must be greater than zero is assigned to each controlPoint. The ordering of the values is equivalent to the ordering of the control point values. If the weight of a control point increased above 1 the point is closer approximated by the surface. The number of values must be identical to the number of control points. If the length of the weight vector is 0, the default weight 1.0 is assumed for each control point.
 
uKnots and vKnots define the knot vector. The number of knots must be equal to the number of control points plus the order of the curve. The order must be non-decreasing. By setting successive knot values equal the degree of continuity is decreased, which implies that the surface gets edges. If k is the order of the curve, k consecutive knots at the end or the beginning of the vector let converge the curve to the last or the first control point respectively. Within the knot vector there may be not more than k-1 consecutive knots of equal value. If the length of a knot vector is 0, a default uniform knot vector is computed.
 
uTessellation and vTessellation are ignored by Cortona (used for the compatibility with blaxxun Contact).
 
texCoord could provide additional information on how to generate texture coordinates.
By default, texture coordinates in the unit square are generated automatically from the parametric subdivision. The texCoord field specifies per-vertex texture coordinates for the NurbsSurface node. If texCoord is not NULL, it shall specify a TextureCoordinate node containing (uDimension)x(vDimension) texture coordinates; one for each control point, ordered according to a set of control points. The texture coordinates for each point of the NURBS surface are calculated the same way as ordinary coordinates, but the array from TextureCoordinate is used instead of controlPoint.
 
ccw and solid are defined like in other VRML Geometry nodes. solid TRUE enables two-sided lighting, the surface is visible from both sides, and normals are flipped toward the viewer, prior to shading.
 

The distance and quality fields enable to control the quality of the NURBS surface breake down (triangulation) depending on the distance from the camera to the center of the object bounding box. The distance field specifies a set of distances to object. Each distance[i] value is correspond to the quality[i+1] value. The quality[0] value specifies the triangulation quality at distance=0. Thus, if the greatest index in the distance field is N, there shall be N+1 qualities in the quality field.
Let N denotes the greatest index in the distance field. The following equations define the current quality of the NURBS surface breake down:

D <= distance[0]:
Q = quality[0] + (quality[1] - quality[0]) * D / distance[0]
distance[i] < D <= distance[i+1]:
Q = quality[i+1] + (quality[i+2] - quality[i+1]) * (D - distance[i]) / (distance[i+1] - distance[i])
distance[N-1] < D:
Q = quality[N],

where:
D - the distance from the camera to the center of the object bounding box
Q - the current quality of the spline surface brake down, ranging from 0 for the worst quality to 1 for best surface.

^ Up ^

OrderedGroup

 

EXTERNPROTO OrderedGroup [ 
  eventIn       MFNode   addChildren
  eventIn       MFNode   removeChildren
  exposedField  MFNode   children  #[]
  exposedField  MFFloat  order     #[]
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:OrderedGroup"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#OrderedGroup"
]

 

OrderedGroup node is a grouping node which allows to set the order of the rendering of the coplanar or close shapes.

As in all grouping nodes, children field specifies a list of children nodes of the OrderedGroup node, addChildren and removeChildren fields specify the list of objects that shall be added or, respectively, removed from the OrderedGroup node.

order field is an array of floating point numbers. Each value of the order field corresponds to one child from the children field. The child that has the lowest order value is rendered first. Other children are rendered in increasing order. The last rendered child is a child with the highest order value. If the order field is empty, all the children of the OrderedGroup are rendered in the order, that is specified in the children field, from the first to the last.

^ Up ^

Panel

 

EXTERNPROTO Panel [ 

  exposedField  SFNode        source        #NULL
  exposedField  SFString      left  #"0"
  exposedField  SFString      top  #"0"
  exposedField  SFString      right  #""
  exposedField  SFString      bottom  #""
  exposedField  SFString      width  #""
  exposedField  SFString      height  #""
  exposedField  SFString      offsetLeft  #""
  exposedField  SFString      offsetTop  #""
  exposedField  SFBool        sticky  #FALSE
  exposedField  SFBool        enabled  #FALSE
  exposedField  SFFloat       backgroundTransparency  #1
  exposedField  SFColor       backgroundColor  #1 1 1
  exposedField  SFInt32       borderSize  #0
  exposedField  SFColor       borderColor  #1 1 1
  eventOut  	MFInt32       contentSize
  eventOut  	SFTime        touchTime  
  eventOut  	SFVec2f       touchPoint
  eventOut  	SFString      hotspot
  eventOut  	SFTime        hotspotTime
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:Panel"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#Panel"
]

 

The Panel node represents a rectangular area where HTML text can be rendered. This area always faces the viewer.
The source field contains an HTMLText node or NULL.
The left, to, right and bottom fields specify panel coordinates. Each coordinate can be specified in pixels, in percents of width (for the left or right fields) or height (for the top or bottom) of 3D window size or can be omitted.
The width and height fields specify the width and height of the panel correspondingly. Width and height can be specified in pixels, in percents of 3D window size or can be omitted.
The offsetLeft and offsetTop fields specify the offset of the panel's content. offsetLeft, offsetTop can be specified in pixels, in percents of panel's size or can be omitted.
The sticky field specifies if the parent coordinate system is used or not. TRUE value means that left, right, top and bottom are ignored and upper left corner of the panel is positioned at the origin of the parent transform.
The enabled field specifies if mouse events are processed or not. FALSE value means that no mouse events are processed; TRUE value means that all mouse events are processed.
The backgroundTransparency field specifies the transparency of the panel's background.
The backgroundColor field specifies the color of the panel's background.
The borderSize field specifies the size of the panel's border.
The borderColor field specifies the color of the panel's border.
The contentSize event is generated if the size of the panel is changed. ContentSize event value contains the size of the panel in pixels.
The touchTime and TouchPoint events. If enabled filed is set to TRUE, TouchTime and TouchPoint events are generated when user clicks on the panel's area.
The hotspot and hotspotTime events. If enabled filed is set to TRUE, hotspot and hotspotTime events are generated when user clicks on the <a href=""></a> tag. Hotspot contains the href of the corresponding <a> tag value.

^ Up ^

HTMLText

 

EXTERNPROTO HTMLText [ 

  exposedField  SFString     body  #""
  exposedField  MFInt32      padding  #[]
  exposedField  SFBool       shadow  #FALSE
  exposedField  SFFloat      shadowTransparency  #0
  exposedField  SFInt32      shadowSize  #8
  exposedField  MFInt32      shadowOffset  #[]
  exposedField  SFColor      shadowColor  #0 0 0
]
[
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:HTMLText"
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#HTMLText"
]

 

The HTMLText node represents an HTML text, which can be used in the Panel node. The Body field contains a string of HTML code. Only p, a, font, b (strong), i (em), u, br, center tags with the face, size, color attributes are supported.
The padding field specifies padding in pixels in a form of [top [right [bottom [left]]]].
The Shadow field specifies if shadow is used or not. FALSE value means that no shadow is used, TRUE value means that shadow is used.
The ShadowTransparency field specifies the transparency of the shadow.
The ShadowSize field specifies the size of the shadow.
The ShadowOffset field specifies the shadow's offset.
The ShadowColor field specifies the shadow's color.

^ Up ^

SphereEnvironment

The SphereEnvironment node specifies a spherical environment map for simulating reflections on 3D objects in the scene.

 

EXTERNPROTO SphereEnvironment [
	exposedField   SFNode  texture
]
[ 
  "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:SphereEnvironment" 
  "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#SphereEnvironment"
]

 

Fields and events
 
texture  Specifies texture of a reflecting shape. Can be ImageTexture, PixelTexture, MovieTexture, BumpMap, or MipMap node. It is not possible to use the BumpMap or MipMap nodes as values of the fields if the SphereEnvironment node is in its turn specified in one of these two nodes.

During the viewer's motion around the 3D object distortions or other artifacts in the reflection can take place. These problems can be resolved with the use of the cube environmental mapping.

^ Up ^

Splines

Cortona spline technology
ParallelGraphics developed spline representation of geometry objects. Typically, by using VRML97 file format, the faces are used to build curvy shapes. There are two choices to avoid faceted shading: use many more faces to approximate the smooth shape, or shade the faces differently so it looks like you used lots of faces (Gouraud method). However, the spline objects are geometrically smooth and allow to transform them to any required quantity of faces to display.

The key benefits from the use of spline objects include:

 
The high quality of a smooth surface can be described using VRML.
 
It is required less computing resources for achievement of high quality.
 
The size of the VRML-file decreases essentially (up to 10 times) without degradation of surface quality.
 
The smooth variation of input parameters results in transformation of the spline surface that is worth to simplify the creation of realistic animations.
 
The dynamic detailed elaboration provides the balance between necessary quality and frame-rate.
 
The function of quality allows to operate a degree of detailed elaboration of a surface.

    ParallelGraphics offers six new nodes (SplineCone, SplineCylinder, SplineElevationGrid, SplineExtrusion, SplineFaceSet, SplineSphere) based on the standard nodes and expressed in using the VRML prototyping mechanism (external prototypes). Each new node contains both the same fields standard VRML node includes and extensions controlling level of detailed elaboration of a surface. ParallelGraphics' Cortona VRML client supports the proposed nodes and uses the spline representation for objects. The simplest way to use spline nodes is that of changing the appropriate node name. Other browsers interprets these nodes as Cone, Cylinder, ElevationGrid, Extrusion, FaceSet, and Sphere.

    The method of spline representation of geometry objects is based on three-cubic spline interpolation, which is performed with Cortona VRML client automatically using incoming polygonal data (control vertices). So a spline surface includes all control vertices of the polygonal model. While rendering, a surface is broken down (tessellated) into a set of triangles approximating the spline surface. To balance between quality and the frame-rate, a surface curvature and number of triangles are taken into account. Moreover, it's possible to control the tessellation using the quality function.

    ParallelGraphics has also developed the suitable converter for the translation of standard polygonal objects to the spline analogies.

    Geometric spline nodes
    Each node corresponds to standard VRML node except the fields distance and quality. All other field definitions are similar to the VRML97 Node Reference. This section provides a detailed definition of the syntax of proposed nodes.

    SplineCone {
      field	SFFloat	bottomRadius 1
      field	SFFloat	height       2
      field	SFBool	side         TRUE
      field	SFBool	bottom       TRUE
      field	MFFloat	distance     10
      field	MFFloat	quality      [0, 0.75]
    }
    
    SplineCylinder {
      field		SFBool	bottom	TRUE
      field		SFFloat	height	2
      field		SFFloat	radius	1
      field		SFBool	side	TRUE
      field		SFBool	top	TRUE
      exposedField	MFFloat	distance 10
      exposedField	MFFloat	quality  [0, 0.75]
    }
    
    SplineElevationGrid {
      eventIn		MFFloat	set_height
      exposedField	SFNode	color		NULL
      exposedField	SFNode	normal		NULL
      exposedField	SFNode	texCoord		NULL
      field		MFFloat	height		[]
      field		SFBool	ccw		TRUE
      field		SFBool	colorPerVertex	TRUE
      field		SFFloat	creaseAngle	0
      field		SFBool	normalPerVertex	TRUE
      field		SFBool	solid		TRUE
      field		SFInt32	xDimension	0
      field		SFFloat	xSpacing		0.0
      field		SFInt32	zDimension	0
      field		SFFloat	zSpacing		0.0
      exposedField	MFFloat	distance		10
      exposedField	MFFloat	quality		[0, 0.75]
    }
    
    SplineExtrusion {
      eventIn		MFVec2f		set_crossSection
      eventIn		MFRotation	set_orientation
      eventIn		MFVec2f		set_scale
      eventIn		MFVec3f		set_spine
      field		SFBool		beginCap		TRUE
      field		SFBool		ccw		TRUE
      field		SFBool		convex		TRUE
      field		SFFloat		creaseAngle	0
      field		MFVec2f		crossSection	[1 1,
    						 1 -1,
    						 -1 -1,
    						 -1 1,
    						 1 1]
      field		SFBool		endCap		TRUE
      field		MFRotation	orientation	0 0 1 0
      field		MFVec2f		scale		1 1
      field		SFBool		solid		TRUE
      field		MFVec3f		spine		[0 0 0,
                                     	 		 0 1 0]
      field		MFFloat		distance		10
      field		MFFloat		quality		[0, 0.75]
    }
    
    SplineFaceSet {
      eventIn		MFInt32	set_colorIndex
      eventIn		MFInt32	set_coordIndex
      eventIn		MFInt32	set_normalIndex
      eventIn		MFInt32	set_texCoordIndex
      exposedField	SFNode	color		NULL
      exposedField	SFNode	coord		NULL
      exposedField	SFNode	normal		NULL
      exposedField	SFNode	texCoord		NULL
      field		SFBool	ccw               TRUE
      field		MFInt32	colorIndex        []
      field		SFBool	colorPerVertex    TRUE
      field		SFBool	convex            TRUE
      field		MFInt32	coordIndex        []
      field		SFFloat	creaseAngle       0
      field		MFInt32	normalIndex       []
      field		SFBool	normalPerVertex   TRUE
      field		SFBool	solid             TRUE
      field		MFInt32	texCoordIndex     []
      exposedField	MFFloat	distance		10
      exposedField	MFFloat	quality		[0, 0.75]
    }
    
    SplineSphere {
      field		SFFloat	radius    1
      exposedField	MFFloat	distance  10
      exposedField	MFFloat	quality   [0, 0.75]
    }
    

    The smoothing surfaces is available only if the field normalPerVertex is set to TRUE (default value) that is correspond to Gouraud method for polygonal objects. If a set of 3D surface normal vectors is defind in node(the normal field), Cortona will use it in generating of a spline surface. If the normal field is NULL, the browser treats the normals automatically generated, using the creaseAngle field (see VRML97, Node Reference). The resulted spline surface contains all of vertices defined in node, and normals per vertex coincide with normals per spline surface at vertices.

    The distance and quality fields enable to control the quality of the spline surface brake down (triangulation) depending on the distance from the camera to the center of the object bounding box. The distance field specifies a set of distances to object. Each distance[i] value is correspond to the quality[i+1] value. The quality[0] value specifies the triangulation quality at distance=0. Thus, if the greatest index in the distance field is N, there shall be N+1 qualities in the quality field.

    Let N denotes the greatest index in the distance field. The following equations define the current quality of the spline surface brake down:

    D <= distance[0]:

    Q = quality[0] + (quality[1] - quality[0]) * D / distance[0]

    distance[i] < D < distance[i+1]:

    Q = quality[i+1] + (quality[i+2] - quality[i+1]) * (D - distance[i]) / (distance[i+1] - distance[i])

    distance[N-1] < D:

    Q = quality[N],

    where:
    D - the distance from the camera to the center of the object bounding box.
    Q - the current quality of the spline surface brake down, ranging from 0 for the worst quality to 1 for best surface.

    ^ Up ^

    Text3D

    Incorporate 3D text into your VRML world and format it with any True Type font installed in your Windows system.
    Node description
    Text3D {
     exposedField MFString string []
     exposedField SFNode fontStyle NULL
     exposedField MFFloat length []	# [0, inf)
     exposedField SFFloat maxExtent 0	# [0, inf)
     exposedField SFFloat depth 0.1	# [0, inf)
     exposedField SFFloat creaseAngle 0	# [0, inf)
     exposedField SFBool solid TRUE   
    }
    
    You can incorporate 3D text into your VRML world and format it with any True Type font installed in your Windows system. The Text3D node specifies a 3D text string object that is positioned with its middle vertical plane in the Z=0 plane of the local coordinate system, based on values defined in the fontStyle field. The Text3D nodes may contain multiple text strings using the UTF-8 encoding as specified by ISO 10646-1:1993. The text strings are stored in the order in which the text mode characters are to be produced as defined by the parameters in the FontStyle node. The fields of the Text3D node, with the exception of depth, creaseAngle and solid, are analogous to the ones for the Text node.

     

     
    depth
    The depth field contains a SFFloat value that specifies the thickness of each text string in the local coordinate system.
     
    creaseAngle
    The creaseAngle field affects how default normals are generated. If the angle between the geometric normals of two adjacent faces is less than or equal to the specified value for the crease angle parameter, the edge between the two adjacent faces is smooth-shaded. Otherwise, the appearance of a rendered surface is calculated so that a lighting discontinuity is produced across the edge.

     

     
    solid
    The solid field determines whether one or both sides of each polygon should be displayed. If solid is FALSE, each polygon of 3D text will be visible regardless of the viewing direction. If solid is TRUE, this results in one-sided polygon lighting.

    Descriptions of the string, fontStyle, length, and maxExtent fields are provided in the VRML97 specification (see 6.47, Text).

    Example
    
    #VRML V2.0 utf8
    
    NavigationInfo {
     type "EXAMINE"
    }
    
    DEF MainTransform Transform {
     children Shape {
    
      geometry Text3D {
       string ["@"]
       fontStyle FontStyle {
       justify ["MIDDLE", "MIDDLE"]
       family "Times"
       style "BOLD"
       size 4
       }
       depth 0.5
      }
      appearance Appearance {
       material Material {
        diffuseColor .28 .42 .6
        specularColor .32 .4 .4
        ambientIntensity .05
        shininess .54
        emissiveColor .14 .22 .31
       }
      }
     }
    }
    
    DEF MainInterpolator OrientationInterpolator {
     key [ 0 0.5 1 ]
     keyValue [0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3.14 0 1 0 6.28]
    }
    
    DEF MainTimer TimeSensor {
     loop TRUE
     cycleInterval 5
    }
    
    
    ROUTE MainTimer.fraction_changed TO MainInterpolator.set_fraction
    ROUTE MainInterpolator.value_changed TO MainTransform.rotation
    

    ^ Up ^

    TextureTransform3

    The TextureTransform3 node defines a 3D transformation that is applied to texture coordinates used in environment mapping (3D transformation of the reflection vector).

     

    EXTERNPROTO	TextureTransform3 [
      exposedField SFVec3f     center            0 0 0    # (-inf,inf)
      exposedField SFRotation  rotation           0 0 1 0  # [-1 1],(-inf,inf)
      exposedField SFVec3f     scale              1 1 1    # (0,inf)
      exposedField SFRotation  scaleOrientation   0 0 1 0  # [-1 1],(-inf,inf)
      exposedField SFVec3f     translation        0 0 0    # (-inf,inf)
    ]
    [
       "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:TextureTransform3"
       "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl
        #TextureTransform3"
    ]
    

     

    The fields of the TextureTransform3 node are analogous to the corresponding fields of the Transforms VRML node.

    The TextureTransform3 node can be used as a value of the textureTransforms field of the AdvancedAppearance node. The texture, to which the transformation applies, should be specified in the textures field of the AdvancedAppearance node by the CubeEnvironment or SphereEnvironment nodes.

    ^ Up ^

    TransformSensor

     

    EXTERNPROTO TransformSensor [ 
    exposedField  	SFBool        enabled		#TRUE
    exposedField  	SFBool        includeViewer	#FALSE
    eventOut  	SFVec3f       translation_changed  
    eventOut  	SFRotation    rotation_changed
    eventOut  	SFVec3f       center_changed
    eventOut  	SFVec3f       scale_changed
    eventOut  	SFRotation    scaleOrientation_changed
    eventOut  	SFBool        transform_changed
    ]
    [
      "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:TransformSensor"
      "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#TransformSensor"
    ]
    

     

    The TransformSensor generates events containing any transformations of the descendant geometry in the global coordinate system.
    The includeViewer field specifies if viewer position is used in TransformSensor fields calculations or not.
    The translation_changed event is generated if the translation is changed.
    The rotation_changed event is generated if the rotation is changed.
    The center_changed event is generated if the center of transform is changed.
    The scale_changed event is generated if the scale is changed.
    The scaleOrientation_changed event is generated if the scaleOrientation is changed.
    The transform_changed event is generated if the transform is changed.

    ^ Up ^

    ViewportSensor

    ViewportSensor node returns size of 3D window in pixels.

     

    EXTERNPROTO ViewportSensor [ 
    
      eventOut  SFVec2f     size_changed
    ]
    [
      "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:ViewportSensor"
      "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#ViewportSensor"
    ]
    

     

    The size_changed event is generated if the size of 3D window is changed.

    ^ Up ^

    ZGroup

    The ZGroup node enables/disables writing children geometry in Z-buffer and checking Z-buffer during its output.

     

    EXTERNPROTO	ZGroup [
    	eventIn       MFNode   addChildren
    	eventIn       MFNode   removeChildren
    	exposedField  MFNode   children []
    	field         SFVec3f  bboxCenter 0 0 0     # (-inf inf) 
    	field         SFVec3f  bboxSize  -1 -1 -1   # (0, inf) or -1,-1,-1
    
    	exposedField  SFBool   write TRUE
    	exposedField  SFBool   check TRUE
    	exposedField  SFBool   writePixelBuffer TRUE
    ]
    [ 
       "urn:inet:parallelgraphics.com:cortona:ZGroup" 
       "https://www.cortona3d.com/source/extensions.wrl#ZGroup"
    ]
    

     

    The fields of the ZGroup node, with the exception of the check, and write fields, are analogous to the corresponding fields of the Group VRML node.

    Fields and events

     
    check  Specifies whether Z-buffer is checked during rendering of geometry specified in the children field.
     
    write  Specifies whether the children geometry should be written to Z-buffer.
     
    writePixelBuffer  Specifies whether the children geometry should be written to pixel-buffer. The default value of writePixelBuffer is TRUE.

    ^ Up ^

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